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Scheme
of Work
TECTONICS
Main
Themes:
The internal
structure of the earth: core, mantle, crust. Continental drift and plate
tectonics. Destructive, constructive and conservative margins. Vulcanicity and
earthquakes: physical process. The distribution of population in relation to
plate margins and earthquakes. The effects of earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions on human populations and why people continue to live in areas at
risk. Human attempts at reducing the impact of earthquakes in urban areas
(earthquake proofing and prediction science).
Core
text and exercises:
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 6-16, 20-23.
Case
Study 1: Kobe
Earthquake.
The causes and
consequences of the Kobe
earthquake of 1995.
Geography
in Place 1, pp.11-13. Video tape 62/6 provides a good introduction. Video tape
47/5 documents the Kobe
earthquake. Students should make use of the Internet to undertake their own
research into the physical hazards imposed by Japan's natural environment.
Case
Study 2: Mt St Helens eruption..
The causes and
consequences of the eruption of Mount St Helens
(1980).
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 16-19. Separate worksheets are also
available which cover this topic, although full information is provided by the
text. Video tape 72/3 contains footage of this and other eruptions.
Topical
case studies may be substituted for the one or both case studies provided that
sufficient information is available.
Investigation:
Students
should undertake a short investigation to account for the wide regional
variation in fatalities attributed to earthquakes and/or volcanic eruptions. At
least one lesson should be spent collating data and a further two or three
lessons handling the data, analysing it and putting forward appropriate
conclusions. Maximum use should be made of ICT.
Main
Themes:
Factors
controlling the distribution and density of global population. Factors
controlling the distribution of population across the United Kingdom. The problems of
under- and over-population. Causes of international migration and reasons for
the regional variations in birth and death rates. S and J shaped models of population growth.
Relationship between population growth and development: the demographic
transition model. Age-sex pyramids (developed and developing models) at
different scales. Problems created by rising populations on developing world
cities. Attempts to control population growth.
Core
text and exercises:
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 68-81.
Case
Study 1: Population Distribution in the UK. Account for
the uneven population distribution in the British Isles.
Account for the different population densities of the Isle of Arran (Scotland) and London
(SE England). Students should study population
distribution in Derbyshire (or other regional example).
A
New Introduction to Geography: p71.
Case
Study 2: China's
One Child Policy
Students
should understand something of the background to this policy as well as its
main aspects. Students should be given the opportunity to debate the ethical
issues surrounding population control.
A
New Introduction to Geography: p77.
Video
tape 42/7 has a good section covering this policy as well as other aspects of
population growth (Malthus).
Case
Study 3: Migration of Mexicans to the US
Study the
reasons for the migration of Mexicans to the United States. Students should have
a clear understanding of push and pull factors. This case study may be
substituted with a topical example if there is sufficient information
available, e.g. asylum seekers in the United Kingdom.
A
New Introduction to Geography: p80-81.
Video
tape 11/3 focuses on the issue of Mexican migration through the eyes of one
family. It examines the causes (loss of land), pull factors (well-paid jobs)
and social problems (family separation).Geography in Place 2, pp. 88-89.
Investigation:
Students
should make use of the Internet-based models of population growth (or similar
software) to examine the future demographic structure of either an LEDC or MEDC
and the implications that this will have for people. One lesson should be
devoted to data collection with a further two or three concerned with analysis
and interpretation. An interesting investigation which has been done and which
can be repeated its to obtain statistics on birth and death rates for a number
of countries and evaluate the demographic transition model.
Main
Themes:
Urban
Settlements: The concept of urbanization including the cycle of urbanization
and a comparison of rates of urbanization between LEDCs and MEDCs. Causes of
rural-urban migration in LEDCs. Problems faced by LEDC cities and solutions to
these problems.
The structure
of cities in MEDC's (models of land use zones (Burgess and Hoyt) and the
characteristics of the CBD, inner city, outer suburbs and rural/urban fringe to
include knowledge of greenbelts). Problems faced by MEDC cities to include
urban sprawl, transport issues, urban decay and renewal.
Rural
settlements: relationship to urban settlements (settlement hierarchy), problems
of service provision (link to threshold population, range and sphere of
influence), urban to rural migration and its consequences.
Core
text and exercises:
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 82-107. Geography in Place 1 contains useful
information on land use models.
Case
Study 1: Dhaka, Bangladesh.
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 87-89.
Causes of rural
to urban migration. Consequences of uncontrolled expansion (lack of basic
amenities, pollution etc.). Quality of life of shanty town dwellers. Measures
taken to improve conditions (both locally by people and by government).
Case
Study 2: London
Docklands
Reasons for
the setting up of the London Docklands Development Corporation. Specific
successes and failures. This case study is supported by its own worksheets and
other materials (maps, photographs etc.) in the resource file.
Case
Study 3: Northampton.
Characteristics
of the land use zones within Northampton.
Students should undertake an urban transect making careful note of the
essential features of each 'zone'. Students should be able to relate road maps
to land use identifying inner-city Victorian terraces, inter-war housing and
outer suburbs.
Contrast the
quality of life in different areas of Northampton
by completing class-based exercise and account for the variations seen.
Examine other
planning issues in Northampton, e.g. traffic
management (locating examples of new schemes e.g. pedestrianised areas, speed
check zones, traffic calming etc.) and urban renewal in brownfield areas, e.g.
Spring Boroughs and South
Bridge development areas.
Investigation:
Contrast the
provision of services in the town centre with retail parks (Riverside),
neighbourhood centres (Kingsthorpe) and villages (Brixworth). Students should
devise questionnaires to ascertain the order of shops in each location
(convenience vs. comparison), range and sphere of influence. Make use of a
double lesson to visit the different locations.
The
text book exercises relate to Swansea,
New Introduction to Geography pp. 90-95. However, these exercises still lend
themselves to making useful comparisons between Swansea
and Northampton
and to reinforce the idea that MEDC cities display predictable patterns of land
use. A separate exercise to examine Quality of Life in Northampton is available in the resource
file.
Agricultural
Systems
Main
Themes:
Agriculture as
a system with inputs and outputs. Differences in farming between the developed
and developing worlds. Intensive and extensive. Commercial and subsistence.
Changes in agriculture in LEDCs, to include the Green Revolution. The distribution
of farming enterprises within the UK
to include an explanation in terms of soils, climate, markets etc. for
hill farming, dairying, arable, mixed and horticulture. Changes in agriculture
in the UK,
to include the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy.
Core
text and exercises:
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 140-151.
Case
Study 1: India
An examination
of how farming is changing in India:
the impact of the Green Revolution on subsistence rice farming. The nature of
farming in Kerala and relationship to development.
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 144-147. OHP slides are available as well as
video tape 66/8. Resource material and exercises may also be copied from
Country Studies: India.
Case
Study 2: Arable Farming in Eastern England.
The influence
of the Common Agricultural Policy and changes in farming practice in the British Isles since 1945. Set-aside, quotas,
diversification. The impact of agriculture on the British countryside.
Environmentally sensitive areas. The effect of nitrates on water courses
(eutrophication)
and aquifers. Environmental policies and the shift to organic farming. Causes
and effects of soil erosion.
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 148-151 and Geography in Place 1, pp.
131-136,
146-149.
Industry
Main
Themes:
The division
of industry into primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. The changing
importance of manufacturing industry and employment structures compared between
developed and developing nations. The ideas of material-orientated, market
orientated, footloose industries and industrial inertia. Examples of industries
reflecting these ideas should be given.
Core
text and exercises:
Geography
in Place 1, pp. 154-156..
Case
Study 1: Industrial Change in South Wales
Importance of
raw materials in industrial location. Changing location from coalfield to port.
Causes for the decline of traditional industries and the attractions of the
area for new industries. Consequences of industrial decline.
Video
tapes: 17/6 and 19/1 provide a good overview of industrial change in South
Wales and can be supported with relevant exercises from the textbook, Geography
in Place 1, pp. 159-160. Exercise 6.
Case
Study 2/Investigation: Levi Strauss Distribution, Swan
Valley, Northampton
The advantages
of Northampton as a location for distribution
firms in the United Kingdom.
The specific reasons for the location of Levi Strauss at Swan Valley
both in terms of site specific factors and general situation. It is possible to
book an organized tour of Levi Strauss which can be incorporated into a double
lesson. Worksheets and other resource material for this example are found in
the resource file. This can be incorporated into a more general investigation
of industrial growth and change in Northampton which students can complete by
themselves – perhaps by looking at examples of each of the four industrial
sectors in Northampton (primary – agriculture, secondary – shoemaking, tertiary
– retailing, quaternary – Barclaycard).
Tourism
Main
Themes:
Tourism as an
example of tertiary industry. This section compares the growth and effects of
tourism in two countries at contrasting levels of development. Video tape 20/1
provides a good general introduction to this topic.
Core
text and exercises:
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 156-159.
Case
Study 1: Spain:
The
development and management of tourism in the Costa del Sol and Menorca and some of the problems it has created.
Video
tape 14/3 focuses specifically on the Costa del Sol
with additional worksheets available. For Menorca
see A New Introduction to Geography: pp. 156.
Case
Study 2: Kenya:
Resources for
tourism. Advantages and disadvantages of tourism for an LEDC. This case study
should be extended into an investigation using the world wide web. Additional
countries can be incorporated into this study, e.g. the Gambia (for
which there is a useful video examining the impacts of mass tourism on local
communities).
A
New Introduction to Geography: pp. 158-159.
Case
Study 3: Studland:
The impact of
tourism at the local level will be examined during the residential fieldtrip to
Swanage in October. Specifically, students will assess the sustainability of
current management practices at Studland Heath nature reserve.
End of Term Investigation
Students
should conduct a small-scale fieldwork-based investigation in the school
grounds at the end of the summer term. This investigation should train the
students in hypothesis setting, sampling techniques, use of field equipment,
recording results, presenting data, analysis and interpretation. The
investigation should be conducted as a teaching exercise with the emphasis on
demonstration rather than the actual results themselves. In addition, students
should be taught how to process the data correctly using ICT and to search the
Internet efficiently for resource material.
Recently
completed investigations have included:
A comparison
of the microclimates outside and inside an area of woodland and the differences
in vegetation;
Different
soils develop beneath woodland and grassland;
The effects of
trampling on vegetation, infiltration and soil moisture.
The exercise
should be started by encouraging students to work in groups to develop their
own hypotheses which can then be combined into a whole-class investigation.
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